Right of Association, market sector
0 = No
1 = Yes, with major restrictions (e.g. monopoly union, prior authorization, major groups excluded)
2 = Yes, with minor restrictions (e.g. recognition procedures, workplace elections, thresholds)
2.5 = Mixed
3 = Yes

Right of Association, government sector
0 = No
1 = Yes, with major restrictions (e.g. monopoly union, government authorization, major groups excluded)
2 = Yes, with minor restrictions (e.g. recognition procedures, thresholds, only military, as per ILO convention)
3 = Yes

Right of Collective bargaining, market sector
0 = No
1 = Yes, with major restrictions (e.g. monopoly union, government authorization, major groups excluded)
2 = Yes, with minor restrictions (e.g. registration, thresholds)
3 = Yes

Right of Collective bargaining, government sector
0 = No
1 = Yes, with major restrictions (e.g. monopoly union, government authorization, major groups excluded)
2 = Yes, with minor restrictions (e.g. registration, thresholds, only military, as per ILO convention)
3 = Yes

Right to Strike, market sector
0 = No
1 = Yes, with major restrictions (e.g. monopoly union, compulsory arbitration, major groups excluded)
2 = Yes, with minor restrictions (e.g. recognized union, balloting, proportionality, respect of peace obligation)
3 = Yes

Right to Strike, government sector
0 = No
1 = Yes, with major restrictions (e.g. monopoly union, compulsory arbitration or conciliation, major groups excluded)
2 = Yes, with minor restrictions (e.g. recognized union, balloting, proportionality, only military, as per ILO convention)
3 = Yes

Coordination of wage-setting
1 = Fragmented wage bargaining, confined largely to individual firms or plants
2 = Some coordination of wage setting based on pattern setting
3 = Negotiation guidelines based on centralized bargaining
4 = Non-binding wage norms based on centralized bargaining by peak associations
5 = Binding maximum or minimum wage rates/increases based on centralized bargaining

Type of coordination of wage setting
0 = No specific mechanism identified
1 = Government sets signals (public sector wages, minimum wage)
2 = Pattern bargaining
3 = Intra-associational (informal centralisation)
4 = Inter-associational by peak associations
5 = Government sponsored bargaining (this includes pacts)
6 = Government imposed bargaining (incl. Statutory controls in lieu of bargaining)

Government intervention in wage bargaining
1 = No government influence over wage bargaining
2 = Government influences wage bargaining by providing an institutional framework of consultation and information exchange
3 = Government influences wage bargaining indirectly through price-ceilings, indexation, tax measures, minimum wages
4 = The government participates directly in wage bargaining (tripartite bargaining, as in social pacts)
5 = The government imposes private sector wage settlements, places a ceiling on bargaining outcomes or suspends bargaining

Presence of peace clauses in sectoral and/or cross-sectoral collective agreement
0 = No
1 = Yes
99 = Does not apply

Presence of mediation or arbitration procedures for the peaceful settlement of c
0 = none
1 = Yes, mediation or conciliation
2 = Yes, arbitration

Level-Impact: The predominant level at which wage bargaining takes place in term
1 = Bargaining predominantly takes place at the local or company level
2 = Intermediate or alternating between sector and company bargaining
3 = Bargaining predominantly takes place at the sector or industry level
4 = Intermediate or alternating between central and industry bargaining
5 = Bargaining predominantly takes place at central or cross-industry level negotiated at lower levels;

Level-determinant: the level or levels that determine the wage clauses in collec
1 = Enterprise (company or units)
2 = Sectoral and company, with company agreements that specify, or deviate from, sectoral agreements, guidelines or targets
3 = Sectoral with sectorally determined binding norms or ceilings to be respected by all further agreements
4 = Cross-sectoral and company, with company agreements that specify/deviate from central agreements
5 = Cross-sectoral, sectoral and company, with company agreements that specify/deviate from sector agreements, and sector ag
6 = Cross-sectoral and sectoral, with sectoral agreements that specify, or deviate from, central agreements, guidelines or t
7 = Cross-sectoral with centrally determined binding norms or ceilings to be respected by all further agreements

Frequency or scope of additional enterprise bargaining
0 = No additional enterprise-level bargaining on wages (or does not apply, if level=1)
1 = Additional enterprise bargaining on wages is rare even in large firms
2 = Additional enterprise bargaining on wages occurs only in large firms
3 = Additional enterprise bargaining on wages is common
99 = Does not apply

Articulation of enterprise bargaining
1 = Disarticulated bargaining
2 = Partially articulated bargaining
3 = Articulated bargaining
99 = Does not apply (level = 1)

Possible to derogate from terms established by law (and offer less favourable co
0 = No
1 = Yes

Favourability principle between agreement-levels
0 = Strict favourability: lower level agreements can only offer more favourable terms
1 = Mild favourability: favourability, but derogation is possible
2 = Undefined favourability: favourability is not regulated by law
3 = Inversed favourability: terms in lower level agreements take precedence
99 = Does not apply, single level bargaining

General Opening clauses in collective agreement
0 = Agreements contain no opening clauses
1 = Non-wage opening clause: allowing the renegotiation of contractual non-wage issues from sectoral agreement at enterprise
2 = Wage opening clause: allowing the renegotiation of contractual wage issues from sectoral agreement at enterprise level
99 = Does not apply

Crisis-related, temporary opening clauses in collective agreement
0 = Agreements contain no opening clauses
1 = Agreements contain crisis-related opening clauses, defined as temporary change of contractual provisions, under hardship

general price indexation or cost-of-living clauses in agreements
0 = use of index clauses is rare or forbidden
1 = (most or many) collective agreements contain index clauses.

Mandatory extension of collective agreements to non- organised employers
0 = There are neither legal provisions for mandatory extension, nor is there a functional equivalent
1 = Extension is exceptional, used in some industries only, because of absence of sector agreements, very high thresholds
2 = Extension is used in many industries, but with thresholds and Ministers candecide not to extend agreements
3 = Extension is virtually automatic and more or less general (including enlargement)

National Minimum Wage
0 = No statutory minimum wage
1 = Statutory minimum wage in some sectors (occupations, regions/states) only
2 = Statutory national (cross-sectoral or inter-occupational) minimum wage exists

Minimum Wage Setting
0 = No statutory minimum wage, no sectoral or national agreements
1 = Minimum wages are set by (sectoral) collective agreement or tripartite wage boards in (some) sectors
2 = Minimum wages are set by national agreement (autonomous agreement) between unions and employers
3 = National minimum wage is set by agreement (as in 1 or 2) but extended and made binding by law or Ministerial decree
4 = National minimum wage is set through tripartite negotiations
5 = National minimum wage is set by government, but after (non-binding) tripartite consultations
6 = Minimum wage set by judges or expert committee, as in award-system
7 = Minimum wage is set by government but government is bound by fixed rule (index- based minimum wage)
8 = Minimum wage is set by government but government is based on rule or target with discretionary power for government
9 = Minimum wage is set by government, without fixed rule

A social pact is proposed by government, unions or employers, and negotiations d
0 = No
1 = Yes
2 = Two pacts in same year

Pact or agreement is negotiated by all or some of the (possible) actors
0 = No pact or agreement
1 = Pact is negotiated by government, all (mainstream) union confederations and employers peak associations
2 = Pact is negotiated without major (mainstream) union(s)
3 = Pact is negotiated without major (mainstream) employers association(s)
4 = Pact is negotiated between unions and employers, but with heavy involvement of the government in negotiations
5 = Agreement is negotiated between unions and employers, but implemented through legislation (or prepared for legislation)
6 = Agreement is negotiated between unions and employers and implemented without government involvement (autonom agreement)

Scope of social pact
0 = No pact
1 = Narrow pacts, dealing with one issue and not extending into lower-level (firm or public administration) decision making
2 = Broad pacts, dealing with several issues
3 = Pact is declaratory or symbolic e.g. declares that henceforth concertation shall apply, etc

Type of social pact
0 = No pact
1 = Tax-based incomes policy
2 = Regulatory or reform pact
3 = Neither category, unknown or symbolic

Existence of a standard (institutionalized) tripartite council concerning social
0 = No permanent council
1 = Council with various societal interest representatives, including unions and employers, but also other groups
2 = Tripartite council with representation from trade unions, employers associations, independent or government representati

Routine involvement of unions and employers in government decisions on social an
0 = No concertation, involvement is rare or absent
1 = Partial concertation, irregular and infrequent involvement
2 = Full concertation, regular and frequent involvement

Status of works council
0 = No works council or similar institutions of employee representation confronting management exist or they are exceptional
1 = Works councils are voluntary, i.e. even where they are mandated by law, there are no legal sanctions for non-observance
2 = Mandatory existence and rights of works council or structure for employee representation within firms or establishments

Structure of works council representation
0 = Does not apply; works councils or similar institutions do not exist or are exceptional
1 = Single-channel works councils, union-based representation, no legal provisions for representation
2 = Split-channel works councils, employee elected works councils mandatory whith no union representation, based on law
3 = Dual-channel works councils, union dominated representation, elected, based on law or national agreement
4 = Single-channel works councils, union-based representation, elected by union members, based on law or national agreement

Rights of works councils
0 = Does not apply; works councils or similar institutions do not exist or are exceptional
1 = Information and consultation rights (without judicial redress)
2 = Economic and social rights, consultation (advice, with possibility of judicial redress)
3 = Economic and social rights, including codetermination on some issues (e.g., mergers, take-overs, restructuring, etc)

Involvement of works councils (or similar structures) in wage negotiations
0 = Does not apply; works councils or similar institutions do not exist or are exceptional
1 = Works councils formally barred from negotiating agreements and works councils negotiating agreements is rare
2 = Works councils formally, by law or agreement, barred from negotiating agreements, but informally negotiate issues, inclu
3 = Works councils or mandated representatives formally negotiate collective agreements if no union is present
4 = Works councils or mandated representatives formally negotiate collective agreements alongside or instead of trade unions

Sectoral organization of employment relations
0 = Weak, or none
1 = Medium (only one side, no joint institutions)
2 = Strong institutions (both employers and unions, some joint institutions)

Basis for demarcation between affiliates (national)
1 = industry
2 = occupation (status, education, skills)
3 = industry and occupation (status, education, skills)
4 = industry, occupation and general
5 = enterprises (companies)
6 = varying (differs per confederation and sector)

Conflict between union confederations
1 = no conflict, routine cooperation (joint bargaining and representation)
2 = moderate conflict and limited competition (occasional separate bargaining)
3 = sharp conflict and competition for members and influence (separate bargaining)

Internal demarcations within union confederations
1 = No conflict
2 = Moderate conflict with limited competition over policies and members (single union or joint bargaining in plant/company)
3 = Sharp conflict and competition over policies and members (multiple unions in single plant/company)

Main confederation(s) represent affiliates politically and is routinely involved
0 = No
0.5 = Mixed
1 = Yes

statutory power of confederation over its affiliates
0 = 0 - No power at confederal level
1 = 1 - All power at confederal level

Statutory power of the union over its local or workplace branches (sum UNappt,
0 = 0 - No power over local and workplace branches
1 = 1 - Total control over local and workplace branches

Membership concentration at confederal level (Herfindahl index calculated over m
0 = 0 - No concentration at confederal level
1 = 1 -Full concentration at confederal level

Membership concentration at union level (Herfindahl index calculated over member
0 = 0 - No concentration at union level
1 = 1 - Full concentration at union level